Non-defining relative clauses allow you to add supplementary information to a sentence, enhancing its richness without altering the core meaning. This lesson will guide you in effectively using these clauses to add depth and clarity to your writing.
Examples
Example 1
CorrectMy neighbor, who is a doctor, helped me with my injury.
The clause 'who is a doctor' adds extra information about the neighbor.
Example 2
CorrectThe Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris, is a famous landmark.
The clause 'which is in Paris' provides additional information about the Eiffel Tower.
How It Works
Meaning
Non-defining relative clauses provide additional information about a noun without altering the main meaning of the sentence. They are set off by commas and use relative pronouns like who, which, and whose.
This structure is crucial at the B2 level for adding depth and detail to your writing, enhancing clarity and sophistication.
Use it when
- You want to add non-essential information about a noun in a sentence.
- Writing formal texts where additional context is beneficial.
- Describing a noun that is already clearly identified.
- Providing extra details in academic writing or reports.
See it
Quick rules
- Always use commas to set off non-defining relative clauses.
- Do not use 'that' in non-defining relative clauses.
- Ensure the clause provides additional, non-essential information.
- Use 'who' for people, 'which' for things, and 'whose' for possession.
Common Mistakes
Common problem 1
Using 'that' instead of 'which' or 'who'
WeakThe book, that was on the table, is mine.
StrongThe book, which was on the table, is mine.
Fix: Use 'which' for things and 'who' for people in non-defining clauses.
Common problem 2
Omitting commas around the clause
WeakMy sister who lives in London is visiting.
StrongMy sister, who lives in London, is visiting.
Fix: Always use commas to enclose non-defining clauses.
Practice Lab
Practice
Learn to identify and use non-defining relative clauses effectively in your writing.
Score: 0/3
Focus on how non-defining relative clauses add extra information without changing the main sentence meaning.
1. Quick pick
Select the sentence with the correct non-defining relative clause.
2. Build it
Arrange the sentence with the non-defining relative clause in the correct order.
Tap a chunk to move it down. Tap it again to send it back.
3. Final sort
Classify each sentence as correct or needing a fix.
The museum, which was renovated last year, attracts many visitors.
The museum, that was renovated last year, attracts many visitors.
My father, who is retired, enjoys gardening.
My father who is retired enjoys gardening.
Why It Matters
🎯 Why it matters: Mastering non-defining relative clauses enhances your ability to convey detailed and nuanced information in writing, which is essential for high-level academic and professional communication.
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