Subordinate Clauses help you combine ideas into longer sentences effectively. The goal is to connect ideas clearly while keeping the sentence easy to follow. In this lesson, you will learn how to build complex sentences using subordinate clauses without losing clarity.
Examples
Example 1
IncorrectBecause the buses were delayed. Many workers missed the meeting.
BetterBecause the buses were delayed, many workers missed the meeting.
The subordinate clause "Because the buses were delayed" needs to be connected to the main clause to form a complete sentence.
Example 2
IncorrectThe report was clear although the final paragraph was weak it still helped the reader.
BetterAlthough the final paragraph was weak, the report still helped the reader.
The subordinate clause "Although the final paragraph was weak" should be set off with a comma when it precedes the main clause.
How It Works
Meaning
Subordinate clauses are dependent clauses that provide additional information to the main clause in a sentence. They cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
They function to add depth by showing relationships such as time, reason, condition, or contrast. Typically, they start with subordinating conjunctions like 'because,' 'although,' or 'when.'
At the B2 level, mastering subordinate clauses helps you create more nuanced and complex sentences, enhancing both written and spoken communication.
Use it when
- You want to explain the reason for an action (e.g., "because the buses were delayed").
- You need to contrast two ideas (e.g., "although the final paragraph was weak").
- You're describing a condition that affects the main clause (e.g., "if it rains, we will cancel the picnic").
- You wish to add a time context to the main action (e.g., "when the meeting ended").
See it
Quick rules
- Always pair a subordinate clause with a main clause.
- Use a comma when the subordinate clause precedes the main clause.
- Choose the correct subordinating conjunction to clarify the relationship.
- Avoid sentence fragments by ensuring every subordinate clause is linked to a main clause.
Common Mistakes
Common problem 1
adding extra clauses without controlling how they connect to the main clause
WeakWhen the route changed many residents complained because they had not been warned.
StrongWhen the route changed, many residents complained because they had not been warned.
Fix: Ensure each subordinate clause is clearly linked to the main clause with appropriate punctuation.
Common problem 2
creating a sentence fragment with a subordinate clause
WeakBecause the new route was cheaper.
StrongBecause the new route was cheaper, more commuters started using it.
Fix: A subordinate clause needs a main clause to complete the sentence.
Common problem 3
overloading one sentence with too many weakly linked clauses
WeakThe school added tutors and students felt calmer and scores improved and parents were happier.
StrongThe school added tutors, so students felt calmer and scores improved.
Fix: Keep only the clauses that carry the core logic, then split anything extra.
Practice Lab
Practice
First notice the right form. Then build it yourself. Then fix it in a full sentence.
Score: 0/3
Read for meaning first. If the meaning changes, the grammar usually has to change too.
1. Quick pick
Choose the stronger sentence for Subordinate Clauses.
2. Build it
Put this Subordinate Clauses sentence in the correct order.
Tap a chunk to move it down. Tap it again to send it back.
3. Final sort
Mark each sentence as correct or needing a fix.
When the route changed, many residents complained because they had not been warned.
When the route changed many residents complained because they had not been warned.
The article explained the problem, which made the solution easier to understand.
The article explained the problem. Which made the solution easier to understand.
Why It Matters
🎯 Why it matters: Mastering Subordinate Clauses allows you to add depth and detail to your writing, enhancing both clarity and sophistication. This skill is crucial for effective communication in academic and professional contexts.
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