Subordinate Clauses for Flow helps you combine ideas into longer sentences. The goal is not just to sound advanced. The goal is to connect ideas clearly while keeping the sentence easy to follow. In this lesson, you will learn how to build longer sentences without losing control by effectively using subordinate clauses.
Examples
Example 1
IncorrectBecause the buses were delayed. Many workers missed the meeting.
BetterBecause the buses were delayed, many workers missed the meeting.
The subordinate clause "Because the buses were delayed" needs to be connected to the main clause to form a complete sentence.
Example 2
IncorrectThe report was clear although the final paragraph was weak it still helped the reader.
BetterAlthough the final paragraph was weak, the report still helped the reader.
Placing the subordinate clause "Although the final paragraph was weak" at the beginning clarifies the contrast.
How It Works
Meaning
Subordinate clauses are dependent clauses that add additional information to a main clause, helping to create complex sentences. They enhance the flow and coherence of writing by linking related ideas.
Formation: Subordinate clause + main clause or Main clause + subordinate clause.
At the B2 level, mastering subordinate clauses helps in constructing nuanced and detailed sentences, crucial for academic and professional communication.
Use it when
- Explaining reasons or causes (e.g., "because", "since").
- Describing conditions (e.g., "if", "unless").
- Showing contrast (e.g., "although", "whereas").
- Providing additional details or examples (e.g., "which", "that").
- In both formal writing (essays, reports) and spoken responses (presentations).
See it
Quick rules
- Always pair a subordinate clause with a main clause.
- Use commas to separate the subordinate clause when it precedes the main clause.
- Ensure the subordinate clause is directly related to the main clause.
- Avoid overloading sentences with too many subordinate clauses.
- Use appropriate conjunctions to indicate the relationship between clauses.
Common Mistakes
Common problem 1
adding extra clauses without controlling how they connect to the main clause
WeakWhen the route changed many residents complained because they had not been warned.
StrongWhen the route changed, many residents complained because they had not been warned.
Fix: Use a comma to clearly separate the subordinate clause from the main clause.
Common problem 2
creating a sentence fragment with a subordinate clause
WeakBecause the new route was cheaper.
StrongBecause the new route was cheaper, more commuters started using it.
Fix: Ensure the subordinate clause is followed by a main clause to complete the thought.
Common problem 3
overloading one sentence with too many weakly linked clauses
WeakThe school added tutors and students felt calmer and scores improved and parents were happier.
StrongThe school added tutors, so students felt calmer and scores improved.
Fix: Limit the number of subordinate clauses to maintain clarity and coherence.
Practice Lab
Practice
First notice the right form. Then build it yourself. Then fix it in a full sentence.
Score: 0/3
Focus on how subordinate clauses link to main clauses. This connection is crucial for clear meaning.
1. Quick pick
Choose the sentence that correctly uses a subordinate clause.
2. Build it
Put this sentence in the correct order using subordinate clauses.
Tap a chunk to move it down. Tap it again to send it back.
3. Final sort
Determine which sentences correctly use subordinate clauses.
Although the meeting was long, it was productive.
Although the meeting was long. It was productive.
Because the data was incomplete, the report was delayed.
Because the data was incomplete. The report was delayed.
Why It Matters
🎯 Why it matters: Mastering subordinate clauses allows you to construct complex sentences that enhance clarity and precision in communication. This skill is crucial for academic writing and professional communication, where conveying detailed information effectively is key.
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