Topic Explanation and Use
Core idea
This lesson helps you say the same idea with sharper, more natural vocabulary.
Connective Words and Phrases teaches linking words and transition phrases that show addition, contrast, example, and result.
Use this vocabulary when you want to guide the reader through a paragraph or spoken answer. A good linker matches the real relationship between the ideas.
At C1 level, learn fewer words but learn them well: meaning, collocation, and one model sentence.
Use it here
- Choose the linker from the real logic: addition, contrast, example, or result.
- Use only the linkers you need; too many make the paragraph heavy.
- Check punctuation because some transitions connect full clauses and some do not.
Watch it work
Remember this
- Choose the meaning first before you choose the word.
- Learn the word with a natural collocation or partner phrase.
- Use the new word in one short sentence right away.
- Replace vague words only when the new word stays accurate.
- Keep the register stable so the language fits the task.
Real-World Examples with Connective Words and Phrases
Example 1
Too weakThe route was cheaper. Also, it took longer.
BetterThe route was cheaper; however, it took longer.
The stronger version names the real meaning instead of staying vague.
Example 2
Too weakThe school added tutors. Because of this students improved.
BetterThe school added tutors. As a result, students improved.
The better sentence sounds more natural for a real task and a real reader.
Word Bank and Useful Chunks
Word bank
- however: introduces contrast
- in addition: adds another point
- for example: introduces a specific illustration
- as a result: shows consequence
- in contrast: highlights a difference
- therefore: gives a logical conclusion
Useful chunks
- however
- in addition
- for example
- as a result
Sentence frames
- However, this approach...
- For example, one district...
- As a result, ...
Common Errors with Connective Words and Phrases
Common problem 1
using a linker that shows the wrong relationship
WeakThe route became faster; for example, more workers used it.
StrongThe route became faster; as a result, more workers used it.
Fix: choose the linker from the real logic between the ideas
Common problem 2
repeating the same linker in every sentence
WeakHowever, the buses were late. However, the station was crowded.
StrongHowever, the buses were late. In addition, the station was crowded.
Fix: vary linkers when the relationship changes
Common problem 3
adding a linker where the connection is already obvious
WeakFirst, students arrived. Next, they sat down. Then, they opened the test.
StrongStudents arrived, sat down, and opened the test.
Fix: use a linker only when it genuinely helps the reader follow the logic
Interactive Practice Lab
Practice
Start with meaning. Then move to collocations and sentence control for Connective Words and Phrases.
Score: 0/3
Use words that sound natural together. Precision is more important than difficulty.
1. Quick pick
Which linker best shows contrast?
2. Build it
Put the sentence in a natural order.
Put the chunks in the natural order.
3. Type the missing word
Complete the useful chunk: _____
Fix this: however: introduces contrast
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